Muslims face barriers in labour markets across Western democracies, but how severe are these penalties and do they vary by national or local context?

Comparing the latest census data across Muslim communities, majority populations and other religious minorities from the UK, Australia and Canada, Barriers of Belief reveals the stark patterns of inequality in hiring, unemployment, earnings and overqualification associated with Muslim identity. It exposes how inequality is compounded by race and gender, creating distinct disadvantages, particularly for Muslim women.

This book is essential, timely reading for policy makers, researchers and practitioners committed to understanding and dismantling labour market discrimination in diverse societies.