The present research has its origin with two important facts: the creation of the National Reference Laboratory of Pathogenic Neisserias in Cuba and its participation in the reports made by the Surveillance Program of Gonocococcal Susceptibility to Antimicrobials in the Americas and the Caribbean, allowing the identification, through the use of contemporary molecular markers, of the main group of transmission of gonocococcal infection by strains with high level of resistance to antibiotics recommended by the National Health Program of Cuba at that time. This study helped to consider new alternatives in the treatment of gonorrhea as a first option. Its results have been published in international impact magazines such as Sexually Transmitted Diseases and Sexually Transmitted Infection; besides constituting 5 scientific achievements of the Pedro Kourí Institute and being awarded the National Prize of the Cuban Academy of Science.