Layered Double Hydroxides (LDH) are two-dimensional materials with unique physiochemical properties, which enable their use in a wide range of applications such as catalysis, biomaterials, energy, filler of polymeric composites, and water remediation. This book addresses basic aspects of LDH as the implementations in the methodologies based on density functional theory (DFT) to understand the properties and applications of LDHs, the synthetic methods to prepare LDHs and LDH based core-shell structures, and the swelling and exfoliation behaviors of LDH compounds. A relevant part of the book is devoted to consolidated and emerging applications of LDHs as catalysts in photocatalysis, electrocatalysis and water oxidation processes, as biomaterials and as functional fillers in food packaging. New advances on LDH are described with a keen eye on the past research.