Examines how nationalizing processes in East and Central Europe and Palestine reshaped observant Jewry into two distinct socio-cultural milieus. This book will be of special interest to students of Jewish history, Zionism and the State of Israel, but also to those studying religious politics, religious fundamentalism and modern nationalism.

Investigates traditionalist struggles about Zionism and the emergence of national-religious Judaism and ultra-Orthodox in the early twentieth century.