In this book, the protection of personal data is compared for eight EU member states,

namely France, Germany, the United Kingdom, Ireland, Romania, Italy, Sweden and

the Netherlands. The comparison of the countries is focused on government policies

for the protection of personal data, the applicable laws and regulations, implementation

of those laws and regulations, and supervision and enforcement.

Although the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) harmonizes the protection

of personal data across the EU as of May 2018, its open norms in combination with

cultural differences between countries result in differences in the practical implementation,

interpretation and enforcement of personal data protection.

With its focus on data protection law in practice, this book provides indepth insights

into how different countries deal with data protection issues. The knowledge and best

practices from these countries provide highly relevant material for legal professionals,

data protection officers, policymakers, data protection authorities and academics

across Europe.

Bart Custers is Associate Professor and Director of Research at the Center for Law and

Digital Technologies of the Leiden Law School at Leiden University, the Netherlands.

Alan M. Sears, Francien Dechesne, Ilina Georgieva and Tommaso Tani are all affiliated to

that same organization, of which Professor Simone van der Hof is the General Director.