Maria Araceli Ruiz-Primo is Associate Professor in the Graduate School of Education at Stanford University, USA. Her work focuses on assessment of student learning at both large-scale and classroom level, and the study of teachers' assessment practices.

Susan M. Brookhart is Professor Emerita in the School of Education at Duquesne University, USA, and an independent educational consultant based in Helena, Montana. Her interests include the role of both formative and summative classroom assessment in student motivation and achievement, the connection between classroom assessment and large-scale assessment, and grading.