This handbook provides an overview of the current theoretical and empirical basis for a science of science policy. It offers perspectives from the federal science and policy community, and look towards a research agenda for tomorrow. "In this volume, many of the nation's foremost science policy scholars make the case for a more rational decision process to guide federal research funding, arguing that 'science for science policy' is a prerequisite. It is not clear that all federal policymakers are open to a rational process. But, the arguments in this book are, indeed, compelling and will certainly propel discussions on this matter."